The Link Between Serotonin and Addiction

Addiction is more than an emotional dependence on a particular substance. There are biochemical factors at play. Many fail to realize that the brain chemistry of someone battling addiction is actively working against them. Engaging in daily combat against overwhelming urges to use forms one of the most common causes of relapse. Serotonin plays a fundamental role in the biochemical aspect of addiction, and today we're going to explain why. 

What is Serotonin? 

Serotonin is a type of substance called a neurotransmitter, and it occurs naturally in the body. The most common places to find serotonin are within the digestive and central nervous systems. Its chemical name is 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). This neurotransmitter plays a crucial role in many bodily systems. Serotonin directly impacts your: 

• Digestion 

• Sleep 

• Bone Health 

• Sexual Function 

• Mood 

• Behavior 

Mood and behavior are especially sensitive to fluctuations in serotonin, with deviations from the norm resulting in anxiety, depression, and reduced functioning. People with low levels of serotonin report difficulties in learning, retaining information and regulating their emotions. If they happen frequently enough, these "blips" in normal cerebral functioning short-circuit the brain to constantly seek reward.  Usually, rewards can take the form of food, sex, and emotional connection. But what happens when a substance hijacks this reward system? Addiction. 

Serotonin Disrupters 

Substances that disrupt the flow of serotonin around our bodies and brains are all around us. 

The most common are: 

• Alcohol 

• Cocaine

• Cannabis 

• Opiates 

• Amphetamines 

Frequent abuse of any or all of the substances on this list can result in addiction. Once addicted, the user will experience intensely unpleasant feelings of withdrawal if they stop suddenly. The reason for this is that their brain, now accustomed to producing pleasurable sensations only in the presence of substances, stops rewarding them. 

Serotonin and Addiction 

The negative feedback loop within the body during withdrawal is the essence of addiction and relapse. Unable to gain any feelings of pleasure, the brain goes into crisis and sends frantic messages to the body to seek reward. Using will temporarily restore the body to homeostasis before the cycle begins again. 

People who abuse alcohol or substances who try to go cold turkey often have severely depleted serotonin levels and experience: 

• Fatigue

• Confusion 

• Nausea

• Insomnia 

• Hopelessness 

The good news is that with time and perseverance serotonin levels can be restored to pre-addiction levels. 

If you’re wondering "Am I an addict?", but aren't quite sure. Try taking this short quiz to find out whether you may be struggling with addiction.

Recovery 

Endorphins encourage your body to produce neurotransmitters like serotonin. The great news is that you can take steps to boost its production yourself, for free. Endorphin promoting activities include: 

• Vigorous exercise 

• Listening to music 

• Meditation 

• Yoga 

• Healthy eating 

Recovery from addiction is possible. Every day represents another opportunity to choose a different path. You’re worth it. 

Do you want more information on alcoholism, or addiction? Check out our blog. 

If you or a loved one are showing signs of addiction we are here to help. Get in touch to have a confidential, no-strings attached conversation with a member of our team.